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\begin{center}

  \huge{The Department of Mathematics}\\[0.1\baselineskip]
  \Large{2022--23--A term}\\[0.2\baselineskip]

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\begin{description}
  \item[Course Name]
    Thermodynamics and Stat. Mech. 1

  \item[Course Number]
    \LRE{203‭.1‭.2161}

  \item[Course web page]\mbox{}\\
    \url{https://math.bgu.ac.il//en/teaching/fall2023/courses/thermodynamics-and-stat-mech-1}


\item[Office Hours]
  \url{https://math.bgu.ac.il/en/teaching/hours}
\end{description}

\section*{Abstract}




\section*{Requirements and grading\footnote{Information may change during the first two weeks of the term. Please consult the webpage for updates}}






\section*{Course topics}

Main concepts of Statistical Physics: separation of microscopic and macroscopic description of a system; microstates vs. configurations; sharpness of the distribution of microstates over configuration space; basic idea of statistical ensembles and of probabilities.
Main concepts of Statistical Physics as applied to a simple modelsystem of two-state spins: numbering of microscopic states; multiplicity function; continuous approximation of the multiplicity function; probabilities of micro- and macro- states; characteristics of probability function, mean, variance and standard deviation; sharpness of the probability distribution of a macroscopic variable; correlation of two random variables.
Microcanonical ensemble: probabilities of microscopic states in an isolated system at equilibrium; example of equilibration in the system of spins; thermal equilibrium of two arbitrary systems; definition of temperature; entropy in microcanonical ensemble; additivity of entropy; the postulate of entropy increase in an isolated system (second Law of Thermodynamics); the direction of heat flow.
Canonical ensemble: Boltzmann Distribution; partition function; microscopic state probabilities; average energy of a system in thermal equilibrium; fluctuations in energy and their relation to heat capacity; Helmoholtz Free energy and its relation to the partition function.
Applications of the canonical ensemble: the system of spins; Schottky anomaly; partition function, energy and free energy of a classical
ideal monoatomic gas.
Thermodynamic equilibrium and thermodynamic processes; characteristic time scales; reversible and irreversible processes; quasi-stationary process; examples of quasi-stationary heat transfer and of work.
Heat and Work in thermodynamics; First Law of Thermodynamics; differential relations between thermodynamic quantities; Maxwell relations; enthalpy; heat capacity; intensive and extensive quantities; entropy, pressure and heat capacity of a classical ideal

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